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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00174_Field_174.txt
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1996-12-31
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Motion of a different kind
definitely does appear to be an
important source of
information about distance
very early in an animalΓÇÖs life.
The experiments on the alarm
reactions of infants to the
"looming effect" (discussed in
Chapter 2) suggest that there is
an innate preference to
interpret expanding and
contracting retinal images of
an object as changes in the
objectΓÇÖs distance rather than
changes in its size.
Although these studies
suggest that the capacity to
perceive depth is innate,
learning may still play a role in
the development of depth
perception. We have seen that
the perceptual system is
capable of a kind of learning:
after a short period of exposure
to conflicting cues (the
trapezoid that looks like a
rectangle at a slant vs.
stereopsis), observers
recalibrated the depth implied
by a given degree of retinal
disparity. Experiments in
which observers view the world
through prisms, such as one
conducted by Arien Mack and
Deanna Chitayat, have yielded
similar results. Their subjects
wore prisms over each eye that
tilted the images slightly in
opposite directions. As a result,
a vertical rod appeared to be
sloping slightly toward the
observer. But after a period
walking around while wearing
the prisms, this distorting
effect wore off. When the
prisms were removed, vertical
lines in the scene for which
there was no disparity now gave
the impression that they were
sloping away. Thus, even
information provided by retinal
disparity, for which there is an
innate physiological basis,
seems to be subject to learned
modification.